Neuropathy And Navajo Children Yet Another Chemical Scandal!

Today's post from nuclear-news.net (see link below) shows once again that you don't have to look very hard on the internet to find neuropathy victims of chemical pollution. From the veterans in Vietnam with Agent Orange, to the children in Nigeria's oil deltas and older and cheaper HIV medication areas where neuropathy is seen as collateral damage, there are many examples of groups of people and especially children, whose nervous systems have been poisoned or damaged by pollution. Very often, the stories are heavily politicised and rightly or wrongly, that becomes the issue rather than the innocence of the victims. This blog wants simply to highlight the plight of those children who have absolutely no voice in the argument. In this case, it's the Navajo children of Arizona and surrounding states who have unwittingly become victims of the results of chemical pollution. If you have neuropathy, or know of someone with neuropathy, you'll know how much impact that can have on adult lives. Imagine if you have to live with it from childhood onwards...through the rest of your life!! Time to add your voice to the protesters maybe?
 

Neuropathy in Navajo children almost certainly caused by uranium mining pollution
BY SONIA LUOKKALA – MAY 5, 2015 

Fragile communities continue to live amid the poisoned wells and contaminated earth, and the uranium riddled sagebrush flats are home for the next generation of Navajo children.

Abandoned Uranium Mines Plague Navajo Nation, Earth Island Journal Mining companies left behind a legacy of poisoned wells and contaminated earth

We are in Diné Bikéyah, land of the Navajo. “………The incidence of Navajo neuropathy is five times

higher on the western side of the Navajo reservation than on the eastern side. Some researchers believe this discrepancy is linked to the land: On the western side, the mines were mostly tunnels, whereas in the west they were primarily open pits. After the uranium companies left, the unfilled pits started to fill with water. Some, as deep as 130 feet, eventually formed into small lakes. Unsuspecting Navajos and their livestock use the contaminated water for drinking.

A 1990 study of Navajo neuropathy ruled out water contamination as a possible cause of the disease………As the Los Angeles Times also reported, in 1986, Thomas Payne an environmental health officer for Indian Health Services, along with a National Park Service ranger, took water samples at 48 sites surrounding Cameron, AZ, a town in Navajo Nation. These samples revealed uranium levels in wells as high as 139 picocuries per liter. In abandoned pits, the levels were as high as 4,024 pinocuries. The EPA limit for safe drinking water is 20 picocuries per liter. …..

No further studies have been conducted on the possible links between the environment and Navajo neuropathy. The source of the illness remains formally unknown, although similar symptoms were seen in the children of Chernobyl and in the victims of Minamata disease in Japan, both caused by environmental factors.

Conditions in Holiday’s hometown, Oljato, resemble those of a third world country. Residents have limited access to clean water and live in houses constructed of uranium-contaminated gravel.

Six abandoned uranium mines that still emit dangerous gamma rays surround the village. In 2014,the EPA scanned almost 500 mines across Navajo Nation for radiation; the majority measured levels at least 10-times greater than background radiation levels, some as high as 25-times background radiation. Many of the highest radiating mines were found to be located within a quarter-mile of inhabited structure.

Gregory draws a deep breath through an oxygen mask attached to a tank standing beside his couch. A few years ago he also was diagnosed with a now common occurrence in Navajo Nation, lung cancer.

In the 1950’s, cancer rates in the Navajo population were so low that the people were thought to be immune to it. An article titled “Cancer immunity in the Navajo” was published in a medical journal in 1959. A decade into the mining era, cancer rates had more than doubled. According to a report by the Navajo Epidemiology Center, by 2004, cancer had become the leading cause of illness and death for the Navajo, a generally nonsmoking population.

“Everything here makes us and the animals sick,” Gregory said.

In his youth, Gregory was one of thousands of Navajo men lured to work in the uranium mines and mills. For him, as well as many others, employment as a miner or millworker was his first contact with the US wage economy. At the time, the miners were grateful.

But the Navajo saw little of the huge profits from uranium. Copies of miners’ pay stubs show payments of minimum wage or less: wages varied from an hourly $0.81 to $1.00.

Moreover, in 2011, journalist Judy Pasternak reported in her book Yellow Dirt: A Poisoned Land and a People Betrayed that the miners suffered radiation exposure four times that of the Japanese targeted by nuclear bombs during World War II. Navajo language had no word for radiation and few Navajo people spoke English before the mining began. Officials knew uranium exposure posed serious health risks but made no effort to educate their workers. Protective clothing, masks or ventilation were never provided. Miners returned to their families daily with clothes covered in the yellow dust of uranium.

“Others working with me died a long time ago” Gregory says……….

Today, more than 1,200 uranium mines lay abandoned within the borders of Navajo Nation. Some are barred with rubble, but most are left exposed.

The task of cleanup is daunting. EPA coordinator Lillie Lane told me the cost to clean just two mines is estimated to be $131 million. Navajo Nation EPA is currently researching and identifying the mining companies responsible for the waste. The paper trail is long, but under the Superfund Act, these companies can be held accountable for the cost.

“It is going to take 100 years,” said Lillie Lane, referring to the task of tracking down the responsible parties.

Last week, those working to clean up the mining waste received a boost from the federal government: The Justice Department announced that the US will place $13.2 million in a trust to pay for the evaluation of 16 abandoned uranium mines on Navajo land. The contribution is part of a settlement agreement with the Navajo Nation.

In the meantime, fragile communities continue to live amid the poisoned wells and contaminated earth, and the uranium riddled sagebrush flats are home for the next generation of Navajo children. That is, at least until those responsible are held to account and the landscape is restored to what it once was, before profits were prioritized above the land and its people.

Sonia Luokkala

Sonia Luokkala is an environmental journalist from Finland, where during the past ten years she has written about issues such as the civil and land rights violations against the indigenous Sámi people of Finnish and Swedish Lapland. She moved to the States two years ago, and is currently leading a nomadic lifestyle with her baby daughter, dog and husband………. http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/abandoned_uranium_mines_plague_navajo_nation/

https://nuclear-news.net/2015/05/06/neuropathy-in-navajo-children-almost-certainly-caused-by-uranium-mining-pollution/

PROGRAM PREDICTS PLACEMENT OF CHEMICAL TAGS THAT CONTROL GENE ACTIVITY

Biochemists working at the University of California, San Diego, have developed a program that predicts the placement of chemical marks that control the activity of genes based on sequences of DNA. They describe their analysis and report results from its application to human embryonic cells in a paper published in Nature Methods online September 21

"All of our cells have the same blueprint, the same DNA, although they serve separate functions," said John Whitaker, lead author of the report. "Skin cells protect, nerve cells send signals, and these differences emerge because different subsets of genes are active or silent within particular kinds of cells."

These patterns of activity are controlled by modifications of the DNA that do not alter its sequence -- chemical tags that influence which genes are read and which are skipped within a particular cell.

By comparing sequences with and without epigenomic modification, the researchers identified DNA patterns associated with the changes. They call this novel analysis pipeline Epigram and have made both the program and the DNA motifs they identified openly available to other scientists.

"The interplay between genetic and epigenomic regulation has only begun to be deciphered," said Wei Wang, professor of chemistry and biochemistry who directed the work. "This study revealed that there are specific DNA sequences that are recognized by DNA-binding proteins," which specify exactly where other enzymes place epigenomic marks.

The epigenome guides the development of complex organisms from single fertilized eggs. The researchers analyzed epigenomic patterns in human embryonic stem cells and four cell lineages derived from them to catalogue genetic elements that shape the epigenome during development.

Damage to the epigenome not only disrupts development, but can happen at any point in our lives and sometimes leads to illness. Identification of the DNA sequences that guide the placement of epigenomic could guide experimental analysis, the authors say. By editing DNA sequences that control epigenomic modifications, scientists could probe their functions and perhaps in the future mend epigenomic mistakes that cause harm.